Storage Unit or Memory Unit:
Primary Memory or Main Memory
1 RAM (Random access memory) – Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of data storage used in computers that is generally located on the motherboard. This type of memory is volatile and all information that was stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off.
There are two types of Random access memory
- Dynamic RAM – dynamic indicates that the memory must be constantly refreshed (reenergized) or it will lose its contents.
- Static Memory – A computer memory that contains fixed information and retains its programmed state as long as the power is on.
Virtual memory is a feature of an operating system (OS) that allows a computer to compensate for shortages of physical memory by temporarily transferring pages of data from random access memory(RAM) to disk storage.
| User interface, CLI, GUI, NUI, RUI, OUI, VUI Computer Aptitude | |
| Computer Languages | |
| Translators, Assemblers, Compilers, interpretors- language processors |
2. ROM (Read only memory) – Once data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read. Unlike main memory (RAM), ROM retains its contents even when the computer is turned off.ROM is referred to as being nonvolatile.
There are three types of Read only memory (ROM)
- PROM – PROM stands for Programmable Read Only Memory. This form of ROM is initially blank. The user or manufacturer can write data/program on it by using special devices. However, once the program or data is written in PROM chip, it cannot be changed. If there is an error in writing instructions or data in PROM, the error cannot be erased. PROM chip becomes unusable.
- EPROM – EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. This form of ROM is also initially blank. The user or manufacturer can write program or data on it by using special devices. Unlike PROM, the data written in EPROM chip can be erased by using special devices and ultraviolet rays. So program or data written in EPROM chip can be changed and new data can also be added. When EPROM is in use, its contents can only be read.
- EEPROM – EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. This kind of ROM can be written or changed with the help of electrical devices. So data stored in this type of ROM chip can be easily modified.
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