Paper 2 CS Programming Languages Comp Graphics Part 5

When an ASP.NET file is placed on an IIS server and viewed through a browser, the resulting HTML page contains all HTML code.

“Predefined Character Entities:
They are introduced to avoid the ambiguity while using some symbols.
For example, an ambiguity is observed when less than ( < ) or greater than ( > ) symbol is used with the angle tag (<>).
Character entities are basically used to delimit tags in XML.
Following is a list of predefined character entities from XML specification. These can be used to express characters without ambiguity.
Ampersand − &
Single quote − ‘
Greater than − >
Less than − < Double quote − """

“(i)True: Because we are using “var” keyword.
(ii) False: Untyped means the operation of dividing integer by string would result in treating the first four bytes of strings as integer. This is because untyped take place directly on bits, there are no types to observe. Javascript is typed language.”

A multimedia project is said to be hypertext and user interactive when users are given navigational control

A comment is a character, a line or a paragraph that is not considered as part of the XML code that needs to be processed. A comment allows you to insert notes or personal observations inside an XML file.

“→Clear – Removes all keys and values from the session-state collection.
→Abandon – removes all the objects stored in a Session. If you do not call the Abandon method explicitly, the server removes these objects and destroys the session when the session times out.It also raises events like Session_End.”

“→The
tag is used to describe a term/name in a description list.
→The
tag is used in conjunction with
(defines a description list) and(defines terms/names).
→Inside a
tag you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, lists, etc.”

Three types of Cascading Style Sheets(CSS) are Inline,Internal and External

“The < a > tag defines a hyperlink, which is used to link from one page to another. Default target
If no target is specified, the link will open in the current context, unless the user or browser specifies otherwise.
a target=”_blank” Open in New Browser Tab (or Window)
The target attribute specifies where the linked document will open when the link is clicked. The default is the current window. If target=””_blank””, the linked document will open in a new tab or (on older browsers) a new window.”

“The Trim function removes spaces on both sides of a string.
Trim(string)”

“→The write() method writes HTML expressions or JavaScript code to a document.
→Write HTML elements with text directly to the HTML document:
→document.write(“” < h1 > Hello World!< /h1 > < p > Have a nice day! < /p > “”);”

“→ Association rule learning is a rule-based machine learning method for discovering interesting relations between variables in large databases. It is intended to identify strong rules discovered in databases using some measures of interestingness.
→ This rule-based approach also generates new rules as it analyzes more data. The ultimate goal, assuming a large enough dataset, is to help a machine mimic the human brain’s feature extraction and abstract association capabilities from new uncategorized data.”

“E-Banking uses electronic means to transfer funds directly from one account to another rather than by cheque or cash.
E-banking (or) Online banking (or) internet banking:
It is an electronic payment system that enables customers of a bank or other financial institution to conduct a range of financial transactions through the financial institution’s website. The online banking system will typically connect to or be part of the core banking system operated by a bank and is in contrast to branch banking which was the traditional way customers accessed banking services.”

“● The text-align property sets the horizontal alignment (like left, right, or center) of the content in or .
● The vertical-align property sets the vertical alignment (like top, bottom, or middle) of the content in or .”

“→ A XML document is said to be well- formed if it have correct syntax like tags are case sensitive, elements must have closing tags, elements must be properly nested etc.
→ But when when associate a well formed XML document with a DTD( in which we define the structure of a document) and if that XML document validates all the definitions defined in DTD then that XML document is called as “valid” XML document.
→ Always remember that a “valid” XML document is also a “well-formed” XML document but a “well-formed” XML document is not necessarily a “valid” XML document
→ In question, it is mentioned that XML document is validating the definitions in the DTD. so the answer is option (3).”

“The JavaScript this keyword refers to the object it belongs to.
It has different values depending on where it is used:
In a method, this refers to the owner object.
Alone, this refers to the global object.
In a function, this refers to the global object.
In an event, this refers to the element that received the event.
Methods like call(), and apply() can refer this to any object.
There are two alert boxes in the javascript code.So two messages will be displayed.
First message, alert(this.y) here this.y is global variable whose value is 12 So first message is “12”.
Second message is alert(y) , here “y” local variable and value is 6 so second message displays value “6””

“A well-formed document in XML is a document that “”adheres to the syntax rules specified by the XML 1.0 specification in that it must satisfy both physical and logical structures””.
Well formed documents requirements:
1. Content be defined.
2. Content be delimited with a beginning and end tag
3. Content be properly nested (parents within roots, children within parents)”

“TRUE: A Java Servlet is a server-side component that runs on the web server and extends the capabilities of a server.
FALSE: A Servlet can not use the user interface classes like AWT or Swing.
→ Servlets can respond to any types of requests, they most commonly implement web containers for hosting web applications on web servers and thus qualify as a server-side servlet web API.”

“FALSE: Entities are used to display characters that have special HTML meaning, such as “<” and “>”.
FALSE: Once a web server returns a cookie to a browser, the cookie will be included in all future requests from the browser to the same server.”

“FALSE: XML tags are case-sensitive.
FALSE: In JavaScript, identifier names are not case-sensitive.
FALSE: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) can be used with XML.
FALSE: Somel well-formed XML documents must contain a document type definition.”

HTML is not a programming language. It is a markup language. The abbreviation of HTML is hypertext markup language.

“This tag is for address information, signatures, etc, normally at the top or bottom of a document. typically, it is italic and/or right justified or indented.
The format is:
< ADDRESS > text … < / ADDRESS >“

“→ Java programming language whereas Javascript is script language.
→ Java can used to create the application independently.
→ JavaScript is used along with HTML mainly meant for validation.”

“Option(A): XML uses DTD to define the structure of an XML document. It defines the structure with a list of legal elements. Hence statement (a) is correct.
Option(B): XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) is the recommended style sheet language for XML.XSLT is far more sophisticated than CSS. With XSLT you can add/remove elements and attributes to or from the output file. You can also rearrange and sort elements, perform tests and make decisions about which elements to hide and display, and a lot more. XSLT uses XPath to find information in an XML document.
Hence here XML is not using XSL to describe the data. So statement (b) is wrong.
Option(C): Everything in an XML document is a node:
The entire document is a document node
Every XML element is an element node
The text in the XML elements are text nodes
Every attribute is an attribute node
Comments are comment nodes
Hence statement (c) is correct.”

P : True. Variables are typically not declared in scripting language is, so there is no opportunity to assign them a type.

“→ A XML document is said to be well- formed if it has correct syntax like tags are case sensitive, elements must have closing tags, elements must be properly nested etc.
→ But when we associate a well formed XML document with a DTD( in which we define the structure of a document) and if that XML document validates all the definitions defined in DTD then that XML document is called as “valid” XML document.
→ Always remember that a “valid” XML document is also a “well-formed” XML document but a “well-formed” XML document is not necessarily a “valid” XML document
→ < ? xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""UTF-8"" ? > is syntactically correct declaration for the version of an XML document.”

“The < script > tag is used to define a client-side script (JavaScript).
The < script > element either contains scripting statements, or it points to an external script file through the src attribute.
Common uses for JavaScript are image manipulation, form validation, and dynamic changes of content.”